Airstones also help with the top-bottom circulation of water. As the air rises to the surface, water molecules get stuck to it, and due to the chemical nature of water, where one molecule goes, a whole chain follows after (capillary action). Stale water from the bottom is lifted to the top, where surface agitation can help to re-oxengenate it. This is the premise upon which UGF are based
I find airstones to be especially necessary on tall, narrow tanks like octagons and hexes. Bubble size matters as well. The bigger the airbubbles, the less diffusion of air you'll get into the water and the more the movement. The finer the bubbles, the more air diffusion into the water because you are increasing the time the air is in contact with the water, as well as the surface area in contact, but the less movement.
~~Colesea