mandakay said:
how often should i test my ammonia and nitrates.
are these the only test kits i need to by?
Test ammonia every other day until your tank is completely cycled (and the ammonia and nitrite levels drop to zero). After that, test once a week for the time being.
You definitely want to have an ammonia testing kit AND a nitrite testing kit. Nitrates are important too, however these won't show up a whole lot until near the end of the cycling process. I wouldn't plan on testing nitrate levels until the end of your cycling process and thereafter.
Think of it this way---while your tank is cycling, ammonia and nitrites are the two prime indicators of your water quality. After the cycling process (assuming that you have a well-maintained tank that is not heavily over-stocked), the nitrate levels will be the prime indicator of your water quality.
Nitrates should remain below 40 PPM, although below 20 PPM is more ideal, which is what you should be aiming for...again, this is for AFTER the cycling process.
That's why I'd just stick with ammonia and nitrites for now.
mandakay said:
if the ammonia is too high how much water do i need to change, and do i also vacum the gravle when i water change?
When you test ammonia/nitrites every second day, you are likely to find that you will need to perform a water change on those days---at least for the first few weeks...until the levels drop to zero.
Change about 20% of the water. DO NOT vaccuum the gravel until about at least 2 weeks after your tank has been completely cycled...You need for the gravel to stay undisturbed so that beneficial bacteria can develop and colonize there (these are the bacteria responsible for cycling your tank, so we don't want to get rid of them!).
Big Vine