Eheim, Fluval, and others make different media. Coarse for primary, porus for bacteria, pads for fine particles. You'll want to use those three types, at the same time, at minimum.
Carbon removes potentially harmful metals from the water. Some people use them when starting a new tank but a healthy tank more than likley won't need them. DO NOT use carbon if you are setting up a planted tank. It removes trace elements that plants need.